The Mediating Role of Leadership and Perception of Artificial Intelligence Use in the Influence of Happiness on Innovative Work Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5555/ijosmas.v6i6.549Keywords:
Happiness, transformational leadership, innovative work behavior, perception of AI usageAbstract
Innovative work behavior (IWB) of medical personnel is an important factor in improving the quality of hospital healthcare services, as it can encourage work effectiveness and service quality. This study aims to examine the effect of happiness on IWB with the mediating role of transformational leadership (TL) and the use of AI in medical personnel. The study population consisted of all medical personnel at Purwokerto Islamic Hospital, and a purposive sampling technique was used to obtain 184 respondents as a sample. This study used SEM-PLS analysis on the SmartPLS 4.0 application with Social Exchange Theory as the basis for the approach to the relationship between variables. The results showed that happiness had a positive and significant effect on IWB, both directly and through the perception of AI use as a mediating variable. However, TL was not proven to mediate the effect of happiness on IWB. This study emphasizes the importance of hospitals creating a work environment that supports the psychological well-being of medical personnel and optimizing positive perceptions of the use of AI through appropriate training and governance to support innovation effectively.
Downloads
References
Agaoglu, F. O., Bas, M., Tarsuslu, S., & Ekinci, L. O. (2025). Serial Mediating Role of Transformational Leadership and Perception of Artificial Intelligence Use in The Effect of employee Happiness on Innovative Work Behaviour in Nurses. BMC Nursing, 24(137). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-02776-9
Al-Shami, S. A., Al Mamun, A., Rashid, N., & Cheong, C. B. (2023). Happiness at Workplace on Innovative Work behaviour and Organisation Citizenship Behaviour through Moderating Effect of Innovative Behaviour. Heliyon, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15614
Alagele, H. K. H., Neama, N. H., Alkaseer, N. ahmed, Al Dulaimi, H. A., & Abd, S. E. (2025). The Mediating Role of Artificial Intelligence on the Relationship between Organizational Climate and Employee Creativity Behavior: A Field Study. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(2), 38–46. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i2.5736
Arnadi, A., Aslan, A., & Vandika, A. Y. (2024). Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan Untuk Personalisasi Pengalaman Belajar. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Kearifan Lokal, 4(5), 369–380.
Atalla, A. D. G., El-Ashry, A. M., & Mohamed, S. M. S. (2024). The Moderating Role of Ethical Awareness in The Relationship between Nurses’ Artificial Intelligence Perceptions, Attitudes, and Innovative Work Behavior: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Nursing, 23, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02143-0
Az Zahra, A. C., & Etikariena, A. (2024). The Role of Transformational Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior: A Moderated-Mediation Study. Jurnal Psikologi, 23(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.14710/jp.23.1.81-96
Butt, R. S., Wen, X., & Hussain, R. Y. (2020). Mediated effect of employee job satisfaction on employees’ happiness at work and analysis of motivational factors: Evidence from telecommunication sector. Asian Business Research Journal, 5, 19–27.
Canal Carrillo, A. I., Ovalles-Toledo, L. V., Sandoval Barraza, L. A., & Valdez Palazuelos, O. (2023). Liderazgo Transformacional y su relación con la felicidad en el trabajo : Empresas sinaloenses del sector agroindustrial. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, XXIX(1), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i1.39736
Den Hartog, D. N., Van Muijen, J. J., & Koopman, P. L. (1997). Transactional versus Transformational Leadership: An Analysis of The MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00628.x
Ekawati, S. S., & Andriani, H. (2022). Marketing Mix Strategy for Health Services at Yadika Pondok Bambu Hospital during The Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 3(2), 2073–2083.
Elkholy, S. M., Ageiz, M. H., & Ahmed, H. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Its Relation to Nurses’ Innovative Behavior: Moderating Role of Job Control. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal, 12(43), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.21608/asnj.2024.268620.1785
Fadila, Rosita, S., & Hendriyaldi. (2025). Workplace Happiness dan Employee Engagement Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan Melalui Inovatif Kerja. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 3(2), 160–179. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v3i2.517
Feitor, S., Martins, T., & Borges, E. (2023). Shorted Happiness at Work Scale: Psychometric Proprieties of the Portuguese Version in a Sample of Nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(658). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010658
Ferry, A. B., Sidin, I., & Wahyu, A. (2021). An Analysis of the Effects of Human Resources Management on Healthcare Innovation in Hospital: A Scoping Review. Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study, 2(2), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.47616/jamrmhss.v2i2.141
Grassini, S. (2023). Development and Validation of The AI Attitude Scale (AIAS-4): A Brief Measure of General Attitude toward Artificial Intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1191628
Grošelj, M., Černe, M., Penger, S., & Grah, B. (2020). Authentic and Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behaviour: The Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 677–706. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2019-0294
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hanna, F. A., Tamengkel, L. F., & Rumawas, W. (2024). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Knowladge Sharing Terhadap Perilaku Kerja Inovatif pada RS. Sentra Medika Minahasa Utara. Productivity, 5(3), 957–965. https://doi.org/10.35797/ejp.v5i3.55710
Hasanati, N., Karima, A. K., & Surahman. (2025). Is the Influence of Quality of Work Life on Innovative Work Behavior Mediated by Happiness at Work in Teachers. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 13(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v13i1.38021
Jony, Safari, S., Rivai, Y., & Ilyas. (2024). Model untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi dan Perilaku Kerja Inovatif. LUCRUM: Jurnal Bisnis Terapan, 4(1), 115–129.
Karimi, S., Malek, F. A., Farani, A. Y., & Liobikienė, G. (2023). The Role of Transformational Leadership in Developing Innovative Work Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Employees’ Psychological Capital. Sustainability, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021267
Liaquat, M., & Mehmood, K. K. (2017). Organization Citizenship Behavior: Notion of Social Exchange Theory. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 3(2), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v3i2.137
Lin, Q. (2023). Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Identification, Voice and Innovation Climate. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103521
Martínez-Conesa, I., Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., & Fernández-Díaz, E. (2024). Do happy leaders have a different leadership style? 8 International Academic and Professional Congress on Happiness. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v29i1.39736
Messmann, G., Evers, A., & Kreijns, K. (2022). The Role of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 33(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21451
Novitasari, D., Siswanto, E., Purwanto, A., & Fahmi, K. (2025). Authentic Leadership and Innovation: What is the Role of Psychological Capital? International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5555/ijosmas.v1i1.1
Odugbesan, J. A., Aghazadeh, S., Al Qaralleh, R. E., & Sogeke, O. S. (2023). Green talent management and employees’ innovative work behavior: the roles of artificial intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(3), 696–716.
Phanniphong, K., & Na-Nan, K. (2025). Development and Validation of a Factor Analysis-Validated Comprehensive Scale for Measuring Innovative Work Behavior. Sustainable Futures, 9, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100704
Rahmadianti, Y., Lukman, S., & Semiarty, R. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan dengan Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai variabel Mediasi di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 9(1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v9i1.1218
Ramachandran, G., & Kannan, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and deep learning applications: a review. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Neural Network, 12, 10–13.
Rimatanti, N. F., & Darmawan, A. (2023). Influence of Quality of Work Life (QWL), Organizational Commitment (OC) and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Journal of Economics, Social, and Humanities, 1(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.30595/jesh.v1i1.76
Setianto, C. I., Hadi, S. P., & Seno, A. H. D. (2022). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan Rumah Sakit Panti Wilasa Citarum Semarang. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, 10(3), 1238–1246. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiab.2021.31959
Setyowati, S., & Etikariena, A. (2019). Peran Gaya Pemecahan Masalah dalam Hubungan Kepemimpinan Transformasional dengan Perilaku Kerja Inovatif. Jurnal Diversita, 5(2), 115–125.
Sudibjo, N., & Prameswari, R. K. (2021). The effects of knowledge sharing and person–organization fit on the relationship between transformational leadership on innovative work behavior. Heliyon, 7(6), e07334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07334
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Suhartono, Sulastiningsih, Chasanah, U., Widiastuti, N., & Purwanto, W. (2023). The Relationship of Leadership, Discipline, Satisfaction, and Performance: A Case Study of Steel Manufacture in Indonesia. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i2.1146
Verma, S., & Singh, V. (2022). Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Job Characteristics and Perceived Substitution Crisis on Innovative Work Behavior of Employees from High-Tech Firms. Computers in Human Behavior, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107215
Wahyuningtias, A. H., & Nugroho, S. H. (2023). The Influence Of Transformational Leadership And Person-Organizational Fit On Innovative Work Behavior Through Knowledge Sharing Behavior In Formal Education Units. Jurnal Pamator : Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 16(1), 189–206. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v16i1.19024
Yusufa, J., Ferrosnita, K., Pribadi Kornarius, Y., Caroline, A., & Gunawan, A. (2023). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Innovative Work Behaviour Karyawan di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit di Kota Cilegon. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 12(6), 3615–3624. https://doi.org/10.52644/joeb.v2i6.854
Zárate-Torres, R., Rey-Sarmiento, C. F., & Acosta-Prado, J. C. (2025). Social Impact of Happiness on Transformational Leadership in Students from Colombian Universities. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1571572
